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Definition and meaning of 風滾草

Definition

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Synonyms

風滾草 (n.)

风滚草

Analogical dictionary

風滾草 (n.)

苋属植物[Hyper.]


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Wikipedia

風滾草

                   
  刺沙蓬,一種風滾草。

風滾草是指植物體的地上部在成熟及變乾枯後,被吹斷與根部分離,隨風四處滾動的一團草球。風滾草通常是由整株植物的地上部所形成的,但是也有少數種類是由花序聚集成一團而形成的[1]。風滾草常出現在半乾燥的大草原及沙漠地區。風滾草是一種傳播體,可以幫助植物傳播繁殖體種子孢子),傳播繁殖體的方式可以分為二種,一種是在草球滾動時將繁殖體散播出去,另一種則是當草球移動到濕潤的地方後,停留下來,再將繁殖體散播出去[2]。在第二種情況下,乾燥的風滾草因為吸收了水份,而使草球膨脹展開,而釋放出裡面的繁殖體。

  風滾草植物

只有少數植物會形成風滾草,不過這些物種有很多種類是農地常見的雜草

  含生草,一種原產於北非沙漠的風滾草。

數種會形成風滾草的豬毛菜屬Salsola)植物,雖然原產地是歐亞大陸,不過這些植物在北美洲已經非常普遍,美國的西部電影裏,常會看到它們所形成的草球,出現在荒蕪的土地上隨風四處滾動,象徵著邊境地區的孤寂與荒涼。鉀豬毛菜Salsola kali)據說是在19世紀時,混在輸入南達科他州亞麻種子中而傳入美國[3]

刺沙蓬Salsola tragus)是一年生植物,由的基部折斷與分離,形成風滾草,利用草球在地上滾動時傳播種子。它可能是在1870年或1874年時,混在由俄羅斯進口的亞麻種子中而引進到美國的南達科他州。刺沙蓬已經散佈至整個北美洲,成為一種有害的雜草,它佔據了一些適合生長的地帶,包括具有擾動土壤的地區,例如道路兩旁、耕地、已遭侵蝕的邊坡地等,及自然植被稀疏的地區,例如海岸河岸沙地、半沙漠、沙漠地區。刺沙蓬雖然是一種有害的雜草,不過在乾旱貧瘠的放牧地卻是一種很有用的牲畜飼料[4]

  復活卷柏,一種原產於北美沙漠的風滾草。

十字花科含生草卷柏科復活卷柏Selaginella lepidophylla)及地星菌科(Geastraceae)真菌在乾燥後會卷曲形成風滾草,當植物體碰到水,吸水後卷曲的植物體會重新展開來。復活卷柏及地星菌科真菌的傳播的繁殖體是孢子。

繖形科的某些種類會以花序形成風滾草。[1]

石竹科的觀賞植物滿天星花序會形成風滾草,在北美洲中部及西部它已成為一種常見的雜草。[5]

其他可以形成風滾草的植物:

莧科

藜科

菊科

  • 鋪散矢車菊,原產於歐亞大陸,在北美洲許多地方已成為歸化種。
  • Lessingia glandulifera,有時候也會形成風滾草,分佈在美國西部的沙漠、灌木叢及開闊的松林中,通常生長在沙質土壤上。[10]

豆科

車前草科

茄科

十字花科

  對環境的影響

  美國華盛頓州雪蘭市加油站邊的一團風滾草

在開闊地區,風滾草對於土壤風蝕有顯著的影響,特別是對旱地農業經營有很大的影響,在這些地方要增加水分的供給是不大可能的。一項研究顯示,在小麥田中,一株刺沙蓬就可以從土壤中消耗掉四十四加侖的水[11]。在休耕地中其消耗掉的水會更多,土壤遭受的侵蝕會更高。除了植株會消耗水分外,形成風滾草後,風滾草的滾動也會造成土壤結皮的重大損害,土壤結皮被破壞後會露出土壤表層,經由風的吹拂侵蝕而造成表土流失。

  參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 William Francis Ganong. A Textbook of Botany for Colleges. MacMillan Co.. 1921:  359. 
  2. ^ W. F. Ganong. An outline of phytobiology. Bulletin of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. 1896, 13: 3–26, page 1 errata.  page 16
  3. ^ Epple. Plants of Arizona. Falcon. 1997:  352. ISBN 978-1560445630. 
  4. ^ Salsola tragus Linnaeus in Vol. 4 Page 399, 400, 401, 402 Flora of North America, eFloras.org.
  5. ^ Gypsophila paniculata Linnaeus in Vol. 5 Flora of North America, eFloras.org.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Louis Hermann Pammel. Some Weeds of Iowa. Experiment Station, Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 1903.  page 477
  7. ^ Chenopodiaceae, Standardized nomenclature, Texas A&M University: Center for the Study of Digital Libraries.
  8. ^ WILDLAND FIRE MANAGEMENT PLAN: SACRAMENTO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE COMPLEX, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  9. ^ Atriplex rosea Linnaeus, in Vol. 4 Page 326, 340, 358 Flora of North America, eFloras.org.
  10. ^ Lessingia glandulifera in Vol. 20 Page 452, 454, 456 Flora of North America, eFloras.org.
  11. ^ Parker, Ph.D., Robert, DROUGHT ADVISORY EM4856 - Water Conservation, Weed Control Go Hand in Hand, Washington State University Cooperative Extension. 2003 
   
               

 

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