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Definition and meaning of 神

Definition

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Synonyms

(n.)

万人迷, 上帝, 偶像, 偶像 ), 神明, 上帝,神  (Chinois trad.), 神像  (Chinois trad.), 神,上帝  (Chinois trad.)

See also

(n.)

神的

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Phrases

Analogical dictionary

Wikipedia - see also

Wikipedia

                   

,是指一神教多神教中的一种主体概念。

常見的定義為超自然創造者和宇宙監督者。一神教當中如猶太教基督教中的神,由于历史原因,也被翻译成上帝上主,而伊斯蘭教中的神,则被翻译为真主。从一神教的教义出发,神有各種屬性,最常見的能力包含全知(無窮的知識)、全能(無限的權力)與無所不在。與多神教的神祇不同,神更擁有簡單、永恆、必要及唯一性。

另外與神祇不同的是神被視為是無形及非物質,也非偶像。這些屬性尤其見於早期猶太教基督教伊斯蘭教教義。

多神教中的神的定义与一神教中的定义有很大不同,如於北歐神話希臘信仰羅馬信仰古巴比倫信仰中國民間信仰道教神道教印度教瑪雅信仰等。

不只在宗教界,也有許多哲學家(尤其在中世紀),例如邁蒙尼德奧古斯丁(基督教教父)、荷馬等及一些近代科學家哲學家牛頓愛恩斯坦斯賓諾莎等,都認為神是存在的。不過,在同一時期,也有許多哲學家,否認神的存在。近代的不可知论者的代表人物伯特兰·罗素,则相信上帝是否存在是无法证明的。

不同地方因文化和宗教而有不同的神的觀念

  参考文献

  • Richard Swinburne "God" in Ted Honderich.(ed)The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.
  • Alvin Plantinga. "God, Arguments for the Existence of," Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, 2000.
   
               

 

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