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Definition and meaning of 基督

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基督 (n.)

基督+的

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Analogical dictionary

Wikipedia

基督

                   

基督基利斯督之简称,来自于希腊语ΧριστόςChristos,是亚伯拉罕诸教中的术语,原意是“受膏者”(古代的以色列王即位時必須將油倒在國王的頭上,象徵這是神用來拯救以色列人的王,後來轉變成救世主的意思),也等同于希伯来语中的名词彌賽亞,意思为「被涂了油的」。在基督教聖經當中基督是“拿撒勒主耶稣的专有名字,即“主耶穌基督”。

基督一词常被误认为是耶稣的姓,因为圣经中曾多次提到「耶稣基督」。「耶稣基督」為祂未釘死、復活前的名稱,「基督耶穌」為基督為世人釘死、下到陰間,並勝過死亡,得勝之後的名稱。相信基督耶稣的人被称作基督徒,因为他们相信並清楚知道耶稣是他们的救世主,或在旧约书中所预言的弥赛亚。大部分犹太教徒反对这一观点,并仍然等待着弥赛亚的到来。而所有基督徒现在正在等待基督耶穌的再临,从而验证弥赛亚预言余下的内容。

基督教神学集中研究耶稣的身位、生活、教授、和工作。又被称为基督学。

目录

  犹太教中的基督

主条目:弥赛亚

根據希伯來人信仰傳統,被(其他人用油)膏立是一種特別宗教儀式,意思指被選立的人,例如:祭司君王先知是神所選定的。在某些场合下一些器具也被油膏抹,用以预备宗教仪式。受膏的重要性,是因为设立圣职(代表会众到神面前赎罪)的需要,而得以强调。例如:『受膏的祭司要取些公牛的血带到会幕』(利未记)。犹太人企盼一位集祭司、君王和先知为一身的救世主,也就是他们称为“弥赛亚”的那一位(这个说法出自基督教,在希伯来圣经和猶太教之中,一人集祭司、君王于一身(政教合一),是对律法明文禁令的違背)。在希伯来圣经之中,被称为“弥赛亚”的多人不是神,无神性含义。犹太教与基督教弥赛亚等一系列问题上都有分歧)。

  基督教中的基督

主条目:耶穌

在《新約聖經》中,基督是指等候已久而來臨的救世主:他並未實際受油膏立,而是奇跡地由童女馬利亞聖靈感孕而生。耶穌受浸時,直接由天父並聖靈親自所膏立(《路加福音》3:22)。聖靈鴿子般降下,且有聲音被施洗約翰聽見,見證耶穌就是基督、就是舊約所有 神的子民素來所盼望的那位——彌賽亞。耶穌多次給他的門徒證明自己就是基督,並且在他受審時三次聲稱他就是基督。而在《新約》中祂從死裡復活、並且永遠不會再死,也見證了祂就是在《舊約》中所指的受膏者:彌賽亞基督。

 基督一詞用來指代耶穌的神性,他是 神(上帝)的獨生子,是在耶穌復活升天後的稱呼,在《使徒行傳》中開始使用,此前耶穌的門徒都稱他為夫子或拉比,即為老師的意思。

  伊斯兰教中的基督

主条目:爾撒

穆斯林相信耶稣(爾撒)彌賽亞以及先知,儘管他们相信耶稣是聖母瑪利亞所生,但他们不相信耶稣圣子,他们不相信耶稣死于十字架,而是直接被上帝直接升上天堂了。

伊斯兰传统叙述耶稣会在世界末日时降临地球:恢复正义、摧毁假弥赛亚(敌基督)以及伊斯兰的敌人。

  延伸阅读

  • Jewish Encyclopedia 中的 Messiah 条目 [1]
  • Jewish Encyclopedia 中的 Jesus of Nazareth 条目 [2]
  • A. J. Maas, Origin of the Name of Jesus Christ, Catholic Encyclopedia [3]
  • Ludwig Ott, Fundamentals of Catholic Dogma, 1957.
  • Paul A. Hughes, The Gnostic Christ: Gnosticism vs. Christianity [4]
  • The Etymological Derivation Of The Name "Christ", NZs Hare Krishna Spiritual Network [5]


   
               

 

All translations of 基督


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