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Definition and meaning of 加害者

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加害者 (n.)


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Wikipedia

加害者

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

加害者(かがいしゃ)とは、他人に対する加害行為を行った者をいう。

民法学では、不法行為を行った者を「加害者」と呼ぶ場合がある。民法724条に「加害者」という文言が現れる。交通事故の場面では、けがをさせた側の者を指し(一般に運転者)、この場合において「被害者」よりも過失が小さくても、「加害者」という言葉を用いられ、両者がけがをした場合などは両者が被害者兼加害者という場合もある。

刑法学では、犯罪を行った者を「行為者」と呼ぶことが多く、「加害者」という言葉は余り用いられない。

刑事訴訟ないし刑事訴訟法においては、犯罪を行った者を犯人と呼ぶ。犯人であるとの嫌疑を受けて捜査の対象となっている者を被疑者、訴追された者を被告人と呼ぶが、無罪推定原則が働いていることから、有罪判決が確定しない限り被疑者・被告人を犯人(加害者)と同視することはできない。

 

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