Advertising R▼
shoe (n.)
1.footwear shaped to fit the foot (below the ankle) with a flexible upper of leather or plastic and a sole and heel of heavier material
2.a restraint provided when the brake linings are moved hydraulically against the brake drum to retard the wheel's rotation
3.U-shaped plate nailed to underside of horse's hoof
4.(card games) a case from which playing cards are dealt one at a time
shoe (v.)
1.furnish with shoes"the children were well shoed"
shoe (v. trans.)
1.put horseshoes on a (horse)
2.to put horseshoes on a horse
Advertizing ▼
Merriam Webster
ShoeShoe (sh�), n.; pl. Shoes (sh�z), formerly Shoon (sh�n), now provincial. [OE. sho, scho, AS. scōh, sceóh; akin to OFries. skō, OS. skōh, D. schoe, schoen, G. schuh, OHG. scuoh, Icel. skōr, Dan. & Sw. sko, Goth. skōhs; of unknown origin.]
1. A covering for the human foot, usually made of leather, having a thick and somewhat stiff sole and a lighter top. It differs from a boot on not extending so far up the leg.
Your hose should be ungartered, . . . yourshoe untied. Shak.
Spare none but such as go in clouted shoon. Shak.
2. Anything resembling a shoe in form, position, or use. Specifically: (a) A plate or rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal to defend it from injury. (b) A band of iron or steel, or a ship of wood, fastened to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle which slides on the snow. (c) A drag, or sliding piece of wood or iron, placed under the wheel of a loaded vehicle, to retard its motion in going down a hill. (d) The part of an automobile or railroad car brake which presses upon the wheel to retard its motion. (e) (Arch.) A trough-shaped or spout-shaped member, put at the bottom of the water leader coming from the eaves gutter, so as to throw the water off from the building. (f) (Milling.) The trough or spout for conveying the grain from the hopper to the eye of the millstone. (g) An inclined trough in an ore-crushing mill. (h) An iron socket or plate to take the thrust of a strut or rafter. (i) An iron socket to protect the point of a wooden pile. (j) (Mach.) A plate, or notched piece, interposed between a moving part and the stationary part on which it bears, to take the wear and afford means of adjustment; -- called also slipper, and gib.
☞ Shoe is often used adjectively, or in composition; as, shoe buckle, or shoe-buckle; shoe latchet, or shoe-latchet; shoe leathet, or shoe-leather; shoe string, shoe-string, or shoestring.
3. The outer cover or tread of a pneumatic tire, esp. for an automobile.
Shoe of an anchor. (Naut.) (a) A small block of wood, convex on the back, with a hole to receive the point of the anchor fluke, -- used to prevent the anchor from tearing the planks of the vessel when raised or lowered. (b) A broad, triangular piece of plank placed upon the fluke to give it a better hold in soft ground. -- Shoe block (Naut.), a block with two sheaves, one above the other, and at right angles to each other. -- Shoe bolt, a bolt with a flaring head, for fastening shoes on sleigh runners. -- Shoe pac, a kind of moccasin. See Pac. -- Shoe stone, a sharpening stone used by shoemakers and other workers in leather.
ShoeShoe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shod; p. pr. & vb. n. Shoeing.] [AS. sc�ian, sce�ian. See Shoe, n.]
1. To furnish with a shoe or shoes; to put a shoe or shoes on; as, to shoe a horse, a sled, an anchor.
2. To protect or ornament with something which serves the purpose of a shoe; to tip.
The sharp and small end of the billiard stick, which is shod with brass or silver. Evelyn.
Advertizing ▼
⇨ definition of Wikipedia
shoe (n.)
brake shoe, footwear, horseshoe, horseshoe bat, horseshoes, skid
See also
shoe (v. trans.)
↘ blacksmith, farrier, horseshoer ↗ horseshoe, horseshoe bat
⇨ shoe black • shoe bomb • shoe collar • shoe cream • shoe industry • shoe lace • shoe leather • shoe polish • shoe repairing • shoe shop • shoe size • shoe store • shoe string • shoe-shop • white-shoe • work shoe
⇨ 2001 shoe bomb plot • A Boot and a Shoe • A Boy and His Shoe • Air Force 1 (shoe) • Alden Shoe Company • Approach shoe • Athletic shoe • Bacup Shoe Company • Ballet shoe • Bally Shoe • Bast shoe • Bata Shoe Museum • Belgian Ebony Shoe • Belgian Golden Shoe • Boat shoe • Brake shoe • British United Shoe Machinery • Brown Shoe Company • Brown Shoe Company Factory • Bug shoe • Carolina Shoe • Casing shoe • Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy • Cklass Shoe Ware • Cleat (shoe) • Climbing shoe • Clog (shoe) • Converse (shoe company) • Court shoe • Cycling shoe • DC (shoe company) • Dealer Shoe • Dealer shoe • Dealer's Shoe • Derby shoe • Diabetic shoe • Discount Shoe Warehouse • Dress shoe • Earth shoe • Elephant Shoe • Esquire Shoe Polish • Fifth Avenue Shoe Repair • Fractal Notes and Shoe Throats • Golden Shoe (Singapore) • Goodwill Shoe Company • Grover Shoe Factory disaster • Gym shoe • Haines Shoe House • Hamilton-Brown Shoe Factory • Hamilton-Brown Shoe Factory (Columbia, Missouri) • Hanover Shoe Farms • Heel (shoe) • Henry Wilson Shoe Shop • Horse Shoe Brewery • Horse Shoe Trail • Horse shoe • Horse shoe studs • Hot shoe • Huarache (shoe) • IISO flash shoe • If the Shoe Fits • If the Shoe Fits... • Jelly shoe • Jotunheimen shoe • Kiandra snow shoe club • Kinney Shoe Corp. v. Polan • Kuribo's Shoe • Ladies shoe • Ladies' shoe • Lehigh Safety Shoe Company • List of Red Shoe Diaries cast members • List of athletic shoe brands • List of shoe designers • Lucy Taxis Shoe Meritt • Manitou's Shoe • Mary Jane (shoe) • Melville Shoe Corporation • Monk shoe • Old Brown Shoe • Old Woman Who Lived In A Shoe • Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe • Old Woman Who Lives In A Shoe • Old Woman Who Lives in a Shoe • One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (novel) • Organ shoe • Patrick (shoe company) • Patten (shoe) • Platform shoe • Plimsoll shoe • Pope shoe • Pump (shoe) • Red Shoe Diaries • Reef (shoe company) • Richard Reid (shoe bomber) • Rock shoe • Roller shoe • Saddle shoe • Shoe (Robot Chicken episode) • Shoe (cards) • Shoe (comic strip) • Shoe Box • Shoe Carnival • Shoe Goo • Shoe Island (Lake Michigan) • Shoe Lake (Indiana) • Shoe Pavilion • Shoe Schuster • Shoe Shop-Doucette Ten Footer • Shoe Song • Shoe String Symphonettes • Shoe Zone • Shoe and Allied Trade Research Association • Shoe banging incident • Shoe boil • Shoe box design • Shoe dangling • Shoe fetish • Shoe fetishism • Shoe fetishist • Shoe incident • Shoe insert • Shoe inserts • Shoe intifada • Shoe lace • Shoe lasses • Shoe leather cost • Shoe lift • Shoe lifts • Shoe maker • Shoe makers • Shoe making • Shoe polishes • Shoe print • Shoe prints • Shoe shine boy • Shoe shine boys • Shoe shiners • Shoe studs • Shoe tossing • Shoe tossing in the Arab world • Shoe width • Shoe-banging incident • Shoe-fitting fluoroscope • Shoe-last celt • Shoe-shine boy • Shoe-shine boys • Shoe-shiners • Slip-on shoe • Smith Shoe Shop • Snow Shoe Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania • Snow Shoe, Pennsylvania • Snow shoe • Snow-shoe • Soccer shoe • Sole (shoe) • Spectator shoe • Sport shoe • Stacy Adams Shoe Company • Tenspeed and Brown Shoe • The Dutch Shoe Mystery • The Hot Shoe • The Man with One Red Shoe • The Old Gold Shoe • The Old Woman Who Lived In A Shoe • The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe • The Old Woman Who Lives In A Shoe • The Old Woman Who Lives in a Shoe • The Return of the Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe • The Shoe • The Shoe Company • The Shoe People • The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe • There Was An Old Woman Who Lives in a Shoe • There Was an Old Woman Who Lives In a Shoe • There Was an Old Woman Who Lives in a Shoe • There was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe • There was an Old Woman Who Lives In a Shoe • There was an Old Woman Who Lives in a Shoe • Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd • Toe shoe • Tule shoe • United Shoe Machinery Corporation Building • United Shoe Machinery Corporation Clubhouse • Venetian style shoe • Warehouse shoe sale • Washington Street Shoe District • Welt (shoe) • Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe • West Coast Shoe Company • White shoe firm • Woman Who Lived In A Shoe • Woman Who Lived In a Shoe • Woman Who Lived in a Shoe • Woman who lived in a shoe • Woman who lives in a shoe • Wooden Shoe Books • Wooden Shoe Village, Michigan
shoe (n.)
chose en cuir ou peau (fr)[ClasseParExt.]
footwear; shoe[ClasseHyper.]
footgear, footwear[Hyper.]
shoe[Dérivé]
shoe (n.)
shoe (n.)
outil du maréchal-ferrant (fr)[ClasseParExt.]
chose servant de talisman (fr)[ClasseParExt.]
soin du cheval (fr)[termes liés]
plate, scale, shell[Hyper.]
shoe (n.)
(card; playing card; playing-card), (pack of cards; deck of cards; deck; card; pack), (play cards)[termes liés]
case[Hyper.]
shoe (v.)
shoe (v. tr.)
soigner un cheval (fr)[Classe]
pourvoir d'éléments destinés à protéger (fr)[Classe]
(blacksmith; farrier; horseshoer)[termes liés]
horseshoe, horseshoe bat, shoe[GenV+comp]
Wikipedia
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) |
A shoe is an item of footwear intended to protect and comfort the human foot while doing various activities. Shoes are also used as an item of decoration. The design of shoes has varied enormously through time and from culture to culture, with appearance originally being tied to function. Additionally fashion has often dictated many design elements, such as whether shoes have very high heels or flat ones. Contemporary footwear varies widely in style, complexity and cost. Basic sandals may consist of only a thin sole and simple strap. High fashion shoes may be made of very expensive materials in complex construction and sell for thousands of dollars a pair. Other shoes are for very specific purposes, such as boots specially designed for mountaineering or skiing.
Shoes have traditionally been made from leather, wood or canvas, but are increasingly made from rubber, plastics, and other petrochemical-derived materials.
Until recent years,[when?] shoes were not worn by most of the world's population — largely because they could not afford them. Only with the advent of mass production, making shoes available very cheaply, has shoe-wearing become predominant.
The foot contains more bones than any other single part of the body. Though it has evolved over hundreds of thousands of years in relation to vastly varied terrain and climate conditions, the foot is still vulnerable to environmental hazards such as sharp rocks and hot ground, which shoes can protect against.
Contents |
The earliest known shoes are sandals dating from about 8000 to 7000 BC and found in Oregon, USA in 1938.[1] The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in a cave in Armenia in 2008 and is believed to date to 3,500 BC.[2][3][4] Ötzi the Iceman's shoes, dating to 3,300 BC, featured brown bearskin bases, deerskin side panels, and a bark-string net, which pulled tight around the foot.[3] However, tanned leather, the material most commonly used for making shoes, does not normally last for thousands of years, so shoes were probably in use long before this. Physical anthropologist Erik Trinkaus believes he has found evidence that the use of shoes began in the period between about 40,000 and 26,000 years ago, based on the fact that the thickness of the bones of the toes (other than the big toe) decreased during this period, on the premise that wearing shoes resulted in less bone growth, resulting in shorter, thinner toes.[5][6] The earliest designs were simple affairs, often mere "foot bags" of leather to protect the feet from rocks, debris, and cold. Since shoes use more leather than sandals, their use was more common in cold climates. By the Middle Ages, turn-shoes had been developed with toggled flaps or drawstrings to tighten the leather around the foot for a better fit. As Europe gained in wealth and power, fancy shoes became status symbols. Toes became long and pointed, often to ridiculous proportions. Artisans created unique footwear for rich patrons, and new styles developed. Eventually the modern shoe, with a sewn-on sole, was devised. Since the 17th century, most leather shoes have used a sewn-on sole. This remains the standard for finer-quality dress shoes today. Until around 1800, shoes were made without differentiation for the left or right foot. Such shoes are now referred to as "straights".[citation needed] Only gradually did the modern foot-specific shoe become standard.
Since the mid-20th Century, advances in rubber, plastics, synthetic cloth, and industrial adhesives have allowed manufacturers to create shoes that stray considerably from traditional crafting techniques. Leather, which had been the primary material in earlier styles, has remained standard in expensive dress shoes, but athletic shoes often have little or no real leather. Soles, which were once laboriously hand-stitched on, are now more often machine stitched or simply glued on.
The bottom of a shoe, the part that is intended to come in repeated contact with the ground, is called the sole. Soles have been made from plant fibers, leather, wood, rubber, synthetics, plastic, and various combinations of these materials. Soles can be simple, a single material in a single layer, or they can be complex with multiple structures or layers and materials.
The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot under the footbed (also known as sock liner). The purpose of insole is to attach to the lasting margin of the upper, which is wrapped around the last during the closing of the shoe during the lasting operation. Insoles are usually made of cellulosic paper board or synthetic non woven insole board. Many shoes have removable and replaceable footbeds. Extra cushioning is often added for comfort (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe) or health reasons (to help deal with defects in the natural shape of the foot or positioning of the foot during standing or walking). This is a significant element of a pair of shoes; it must be able to absorb foot sweat. In addition, footbeds should typically use foam cushioning sheets like latex and EVA, which provide good wearing comfort of the shoe.
The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes often have leather or resin rubber outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic material like Polyurethane. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may be an assembly of separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole has a rubber plate for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic or so called cleated shoes like soccer, rugby, baseball and golf shoes have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground.
The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel of the foot, where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all.
The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical and comfortable use.
Every shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip-flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, trainers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive.
The outside part of the shoe is referred to as the lateral and the inside facing part of the shoe is the medial. This can be in reference to either the outsole or the vamp.
A welt is a strip of leather, rubber, or plastic that is stitched to the upper and insole of a shoe, as an attach-point for the sole.
Dress shoes are characterized by smooth and supple leather uppers, leather soles, and narrow sleek figure. Casual shoes are characterized by sturdy leather uppers, non-leather outsoles, and wide profile.
Some designs of dress shoes can be worn by either gender. The majority of dress shoes have an upper covering, commonly made of leather, enclosing most of the lower foot, but not covering the ankles. This upper part of the shoe is often made without apertures or openings, but may also be made with openings or even itself consist of a series of straps, e.g. an open toe featured in women's shoes. Shoes with uppers made high to cover the ankles are also available; a shoe with the upper rising above the ankle is usually considered a boot but certain styles may be referred to as high-topped shoes or high-tops. Usually, a high-topped shoe is secured by laces or zippers, although some styles have elastic inserts to ease slipping the shoe on.
Men's shoes can be categorized by how they are closed:
Men's shoes can also be decorated in various ways:
Formal high-end men's shoes are manufactured by several companies around the world, most notably in England, France, Italy, and America. Notable British brands include: Church's English Shoes (est. 1873), John Lobb Bootmaker (est. 1849), Edward Green Shoes (est. 1890), and Crockett & Jones (est. 1879). Both John Lobb and Edward Green offer bespoke products. In between the world wars, men's footwear received significant innovation and design, led by cobblers and cordwainers in London's West End.[7] The most notable[says who?] French product is made by J.M. Weston. Armani of Italy was a major influence on men's shoe design in the 1960s–1980s until they returned to the larger proportions of its forebears, the welt-constructed Anglo-American dress shoe originally created in Edwardian England. Another well-known Italian company is Salvatore Ferragamo Italia S.p.A.. The remaining elite[clarification needed] American companies are Allen Edmonds and Alden Shoe Company. Alden, located in New England, specializes in genuine shell cordovan leather from the only remaining horse tannery in America (Chicago)[8] and is completely manufactured in America, whereas Allen Edmonds, of Wisconsin, is a larger company that outsources some of its production.[9]
There is a large variety of shoes available for women, in addition to most of the men's styles being more accepted as unisex. Some broad categories are:
Men's and women's athletic shoes and special function shoes often have less difference between the sexes than in dress shoes. In many cases these shoes can be worn by either sex. Emphasis tends to be more on function than style.
Orthopedic or "comfort" shoes are made with pedorthic and anatomically-correct comfort qualities, such as padded removable footbeds, wide toe boxes and arch support are made especially for those with problematic feet.
Jazz shoes. This style is frequently worn by acro dancers
Work shoes are designed to stand heavy wear, to protect the wearer, and provide high traction. They are generally made from sturdy leather uppers and non-leather outsoles. Sometimes they are used for uniforms or comfort by nurses, waitresses, police, military personnel, etc. They are commonly used for protection in industrial settings, construction, mining, and other workplaces. Protective features may include steel-tipped toes and soles or ankle guards.
Minimalist shoes are shoes that are minimal in design so that the advantages of walking/running barefoot are incorporated, yet without dropping additional protection of the foot from sharp objects. Minimalist shoes include: Vibram FiveFingers, MBT, Nike Free
Shoes of the past include:
Athletic sneaker collection has existed as a part of urban subculture in the United States for several decades.[10] Recent decades have seen this trend spread to European nations such as the Czech Republic.[11] A Sneakerhead is a person who owns multiple pairs of shoes as a form of collection and fashion. A contributor to the growth of sneaker collecting is the continued worldwide popularity of the Air Jordan line of sneakers designed by Nike for Basketball star Michael Jordan.
A person who makes or repairs shoes in a shop is called a cobbler.
Due to the appearance of new man-made materials, shoes have become increasingly less biodegradable. Currently, mass-produced shoes generally require 1000 years to degrade, and/or may not degrade at all, depending on the types of material employed in the production of the shoe. Recently some shoemakers have picked up on the issue and are beginning to produce shoes made entirely from degradable materials, such as Nike Considered.[13][14]
In the Middle East, parts of Africa, Korea and Thailand, it is considered rude to show the soles of the feet to others (even accidentally, such as by crossing the legs). Shoe throwing is a great insult in some areas in the Middle East and in India.[15] In addition, in Thailand, it is an extreme insult for the foot, socks, or shoes to touch someone's head or be placed over it.
Shoes play an important role in the fairy tales Cinderella, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Red Shoes. In literature and film, an empty shoe or a pair of shoes signifies death.[citation needed]
See the category shoe companies for a list of shoe companies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shoes |
Look up shoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Shoes |
|
|
sensagent's content
Webmaster Solution
Alexandria
A windows (pop-into) of information (full-content of Sensagent) triggered by double-clicking any word on your webpage. Give contextual explanation and translation from your sites !
SensagentBox
With a SensagentBox, visitors to your site can access reliable information on over 5 million pages provided by Sensagent.com. Choose the design that fits your site.
Business solution
Improve your site content
Add new content to your site from Sensagent by XML.
Crawl products or adds
Get XML access to reach the best products.
Index images and define metadata
Get XML access to fix the meaning of your metadata.
Please, email us to describe your idea.
Lettris
Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. Each square carries a letter. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares.
boggle
Boggle gives you 3 minutes to find as many words (3 letters or more) as you can in a grid of 16 letters. You can also try the grid of 16 letters. Letters must be adjacent and longer words score better. See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame !
English dictionary
Main references
Most English definitions are provided by WordNet .
English thesaurus is mainly derived from The Integral Dictionary (TID).
English Encyclopedia is licensed by Wikipedia (GNU).
Copyrights
The wordgames anagrams, crossword, Lettris and Boggle are provided by Memodata.
The web service Alexandria is granted from Memodata for the Ebay search.
The SensagentBox are offered by sensAgent.
Translation
Change the target language to find translations.
Tips: browse the semantic fields (see From ideas to words) in two languages to learn more.
computed in 0.047s