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Arabic Bulgarian Chinese Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hindi Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Malagasy Norwegian Persian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Thai Turkish Vietnamese

Definition and meaning of množica

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množica (n.)

zbrati skupaj

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Phrases

Analogical dictionary








množica (n.)

set (en)[ClasseHyper.]

abstrakcija[Hyper.]



množica (n.)



Wikipedia

Množica

Iz Wikipedije, proste enciklopedije

Mnóžica je v matematiki skupina (skupek) odmišljenih (abstraktnih) ali stvarnih (konkretnih) reči, ki jih med seboj ločimo, to je elementov množic in njihovih medsebojnih odnosov (relacij) in struktur medsebojnih preslikav množic.

Če lahko načeloma elemente množice oštevilčimo, je množica števna. Števna je na primer množica racionalnih števil \mathbb{Q}, nasprotno pa množica realnih števil \mathbb{R} ni števna. Dve množici sta enaki, če imata iste elemente. Dve množici \mathbb{A} in \mathbb{B} sta ekvivalentni ali imata isto moč, če lahko priredimo elementom množice \mathbb{A} obratno enolično elemente množice \mathbb{B}. Za obe takšni množici velja relacija ekvipolence. Na pojmu ekvivalence temelji pojem kardinalnih števil, ki omogoča med drugim tudi didaktično uvedbo množice naravnih števil \mathbb{N}. Dve množici sta tuji ali disjunktni, če nimata nobenega skupnega elementa. Njun presek je prazna množica Ø = { }. Podobno kakor v algebri števil lahko določimo tudi za množice operacije, ki si jih lahko ponazorimo z Vennovimi grafi: presek, unijo itd. Zanimiva težava se pojavi pri posplošitvi pojma množice na »množico vseh množic«, kar nas privede do antinomije. Teorijo množic je osnoval Georg Ferdinand Cantor. Za ponazarjanje množic uporabljamo tudi Karnaughove grafe. \mathbb{A}C pomeni komplement množice \mathbb{A} glede na univerzalno množico. Množica \mathbb{A}C ima vse tiste elemente univerzalne množice, ki ne spadajo v \mathbb{A}. Množico lahko podamo ali opisno ali pa z naštetjem njenih elementov. Na primer \mathbb{P} je množica vseh praštevil, ki so večja od 1 in manjša od 20, opisna oblika: \mathbb{P} = {x; x je praštevilo in 1 < x < 20} in oblika z naštetjem: \mathbb{P} = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}.

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