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Definition and meaning of glimmer
Definitions
glimmer (n.)
1.a rapid change in brightness; a brief spark or flash
2.a slight suggestion or vague understanding"he had no inkling what was about to happen"
3.a flash of light (especially reflected light)
glimmer (v. intr.)
1.emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light"The sun shone bright that day" "The fire beamed on their faces"
2.shine brightly, like a star or a light
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Merriam Webster
GlimmerGlim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp.
The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak.
Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash.
GlimmerGlim"mer, n.
1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam.
Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson.
2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward.
Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson.
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Definition (more)
⇨ definition of Wikipedia
Synonyms
glimmer (n.)
coruscation, flicker, gleaming, glimmering, glint, glistening, glittering, glow, hint, inkling, intimation, scintillating, scintillation, shimmer, sparkle, sparkling, twinkle, twinkling, gleam (not countable)
See also
glimmer (n.)
↗ flicker, scintillate, twinkle, winkle
glimmer (v. intr.)
↘ brilliant, glittering, sun ↗ beam, beam of light, irradiation, light beam, ray, ray of light, shaft, shaft of light
Phrases
⇨ A Glimmer of Hope Foundation • Glimmer (She-Ra) • Glimmer Glass Bridge • Glimmer Man • Glimmer Rats • Glimmer Train • Natron Glimmer • Natron-glimmer • Operation Glimmer • The Glimmer Man • The Glimmer Twins
Analogical dictionary
glimmer (n.)
éclat lumineux intermittent (fr)[Classe]
glimmer (n.)
suggestion[Hyper.]
adumbrate, be driving at, insinuate, intimate - intimate, suggest[Dérivé]
glimmer (n.)
flash[Hyper.]
gleam, glimmer - glimmery[Dérivé]
glimmer (n.)
glimmer (v. intr.)
glisten; glow; shimmer; beam; gleam; shine; glimmer; glitter[ClasseHyper.]
émettre des rayons lumineux (fr)[Classe]
briller d'un éclat très vif (fr)[Classe]
make out; issue; emit[Classe]
(star), (star system)[termes liés]
(light; light source)[termes liés]
faire qqch (pour le soleil) (fr)[DomainRegistre]
lumière, rayon lumineux (fr)[DomaineCollocation]
glimmer (v. intr.)
radiate[Hyper.]
gleam, gleaming, glimmer[Dérivé]
Wikipedia
GLIMMER
| Developer(s) | Steven Salzberg & Art Delcher |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 3.02 / 9 May 2006 |
| Type | Bioinformatics tool |
| License | OSI Certified Open Source Software under the Artistic License |
| Website | www.cbcb.umd.edu/software/glimmer/ |
In bioinformatics GLIMMER (Gene Locator and Interpolated Markov ModelER) was the first system for finding genes that used the interpolated Markov model formalism. It is effective at finding genes in bacteria, archaea, and viruses, typically finding 98–99% of all protein-coding genes. The GLIMMER software is open source and can be found at the links below. It is maintained by Steven Salzberg, Art Delcher, and their colleagues at the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology[1] at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Because of its high accuracy, Glimmer is the system of choice for genome annotation efforts on a wide range of bacteria, archaeal, and viral species. In a large-scale reannotation effort at the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ, which mirrors Genbank). Kosuge et al. (2006)[2] examined the gene finding methods used for 183 genomes. They reported that of these projects, Glimmer was the gene finder for 49%, followed by GeneMark with 12%, with other algorithms used in 3% or fewer of the projects. (They also reported that 33% of genomes used "other" programs, which in many cases meant that they could not identify the method. Excluding those cases, Glimmer was used for 73% of the genomes for which the methods could be unambiguously identified.) Glimmer was used by the DNA Databank of Japan (DDBJ) to re-annotate all bacterial genomes in the International Nucleotide Sequence Databases.[3] It is also being used by this group to annotate viruses.[4] Glimmer is part of the bacterial annotation pipeline at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCB),[5] which also maintains a web server for Glimmer,[6] as do sites in Germany,[7] Canada,[8] and elsewhere.
Glimmer is a highly cited bioinformatics system in the scientific literature. According to Google Scholar, as of early 2011 the original Glimmer article (Salzberg et al., 1998)[9] has been cited 581 times, and the Glimmer 2.0 article (Delcher et al., 1999)[10] has been cited 950 times.
References
- ^ "Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology". University of Maryland. http://cbcb.umd.edu/. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ Kosuge, T.; Abe, T.; Okido, T.; Tanaka, N.; Hirahata, M.; Maruyama, Y.; Mashima, J.; Tomiki, A. et al. (2006). "Exploration and Grading of Possible Genes from 183 Bacterial Strains by a Common Protocol to Identification of New Genes: Gene Trek in Prokaryote Space (GTPS)". DNA Research 13 (6): 245–254. DOI:10.1093/dnares/dsl014. PMID 17166861.
- ^ Sugawara, H.; Abe, T.; Gojobori, T.; Tateno, Y. (2007). "DDBJ working on evaluation and classification of bacterial genes in INSDC". Nucleic Acids Research 35 (Database issue): D13–D15. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkl908. PMC 1669713. PMID 17108353. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1669713.
- ^ Hirahata, M.; Abe, T.; Tanaka, N.; Kuwana, Y.; Shigemoto, Y.; Miyazaki, S.; Suzuki, Y.; Sugawara, H. (2007). "Genome Information Broker for Viruses (GIB-V): Database for comparative analysis of virus genomes". Nucleic Acids Research 35 (Database issue): D339–D342. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkl1004. PMC 1781101. PMID 17158166. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1781101.
- ^ "NCBI Prokaryotic Genomes Automatic Annotation Pipeline (PGAAP)". Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/static/Pipeline.html. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "Microbial Genome Annotation Tools". Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genomes/MICROBES/glimmer_3.cgi. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "TiCo". Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Göttingen. http://tico.gobics.de. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ "BASys Bacterial Annotation System". http://basys.ca/basys/cgi/submit.pl. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
- ^ Salzberg, S. L.; Delcher, A. L.; Kasif, S.; White, O. (1998). "Microbial gene identification using interpolated Markov models". Nucleic acids research 26 (2): 544–548. PMC 147303. PMID 9421513. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=147303.
- ^ Delcher, A.; Harmon, D.; Kasif, S.; White, O.; Salzberg, S. (1999). "Improved microbial gene identification with GLIMMER". Nucleic Acids Research 27 (23): 4636–4641. DOI:10.1093/nar/27.23.4636. PMC 148753. PMID 10556321. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=148753.
External links
- The Glimmer home page, from which the software can be downloaded.
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