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This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. (June 2008) |
Adoni ఆదోని |
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— Town — | |
Nickname(s): Town of Cotton | |
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Coordinates: 15°38′N 77°17′E / 15.63°N 77.28°ECoordinates: 15°38′N 77°17′E / 15.63°N 77.28°E | |
Country | India |
State | Andhra Pradesh |
District | Kurnool |
Government | |
• MLA | Konka Meenakshi Naidu (Telugu Desam Party[1]) |
Area | |
• Total | 32.2 km2 (12.4 sq mi) |
Elevation | 435 m (1,427 ft) |
Population (2011) | |
• Total | 162,458 |
• Density | 5,000/km2 (13,000/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Telugu |
• Other | Telugu, Urdu, Kannada. |
Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
PIN | 51830x |
Telephone code | 08512 |
Vehicle registration | AP-21 x xxxx |
Sex ratio | 1000-984 ♂/♀ |
Adoni is a municipality, mandal headquarters and commercial town in Kurnool district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is 180 miles (300 km) from Hyderabad and 307 miles (494 km) from Chennai by rail. The famous Mantralayam (Swami Raghavendra's mutt) is near to Adoni. It is approximately 42 km by rail. From the Railway Station, it is 16 km to Swami Raghavendra's mutt. It has a population of about 2,43,247 people (of whole Adoni Mandal). Adoni is 245th biggest city in terms of population in India.[2] Once a stronghold of the medieval Vijayanagara Empire, today it has a substantial textile industry. The hill-fort, now in ruins, was an important seat of government in Islamic times and is frequently mentioned in the wars of the 18th century. Adoni is located in the border of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. During British period Adoni was known as Second Mumbai as it is the hub for all types of businesses. As many rice mills are sealed due to some reasons, the production of rice is reduced. But still Adoni is the richest producer of cotton and it there is a big market yard in the town and hence the town is called as the Town of Cotton or Grain Market of South India.[3]
The town enjoys a salubrious climate and has venerated monuments of all religions.
It is one of the Revenue divisions in the district. Adoni is also one of the Roads and Buildings (R&B), Panchayat Raj (PR) and Rural Water Supply (RWS) division amongst three in the district.
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2011) |
Adoni has undergone a number of substantial changes over the past few centuries. Emerging as a military base for the Vijayanagara Empire in the 15th century, the city has evolved to become a modern, manufacturing hub. Under the Vijayanagara, the city stood at the center of the consolidation of a shifting, fragmented countryside into a more structured empire. Even after the Empire fell in the 16th century, as a product of military conflicts, the city remained a core part of Southern Indian history.
After the fall of Vijayanagar, Adoni was taken possession of by the Bijapur sovereigns. Adoni was under Bijapur in the period of 16th and 17th century.[4] It was the principal fort of the Kurnool district. In the 17th century, Kurnool was under the governorship of an hereditary line of jagirdars of African origin, who were among the most powerful nobles at court. In 1683, one noble, Siddi Masud, the governor of Kurnool and regent of Sultan Sikandar Bijapuri, retired to Adoni, where he ruled independently till 1689. In that year, he surrendered to the Mughal general Anup Singh, maharaja of Bikaner.[5] Siddi Masud is credited with improving the fort at Adoni, clearing the forest area in the vicinity of Adoni and establishing the townships of Imatiazgadh and Adilabad, and also constructing the fine Jamia Masjid.[6] Art historian Mark Zebrowski notes in his book Deccani Painting that the capture of Adoni revealed that Siddi Masud had been an avid collector of painting, and a patron of the Kurnool school of painting.
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, Adoni remained under governors appointed by the Nizams of Hyderabad. In 1760, it was held by Basalut Jung, who made it his capital. In 1786-7, Tipu Sultan besieged Adoni and after a month's siege, captured it. After his death and defeat at the hands of the English, Adoni was ceded to the English.[7]
Under British rule South India was divided into several administrative districts; Adoni fell into the district of Bellary of Madras presidency. In 1867 AD, The Adoni Municipal Council was created, along with the Bellary Municipal Council.[8] These were the only two municipal townships in the whole of Bellary district for a long time.
The city gained its present seat as part of the state of Andhra Pradesh in 1953, after the linguistic reorganization of states. On October 1, 1953, Bellary district of Madras State was divided on linguistic basis, and Adoni (along with Yemmiganur, Alur, Raayadurgam, D.Hirehaalu, Kanekallu, Bommanahaalu, and Gummagatta) were merged into Anantapuram and Kurnool district in what would later became the Andhra Pradesh state. While the city constantly shifted its governmental structure, it emerged as a trade hub as a product of its impressive bounties of grain and gold, along with cloth and textile production. Over the century, the city built up an entire industry of cotton mills, solidifying its place in the county’s modern trade economy. Today, Adoni is one of the biggest and commercial towns in Rayalaseema and also in Andhra Pradesh State.
Of historical interest are the ruins of a royal fort dating back to the medieval empire of Vijayanagar, which flourished from the 14th to the 16th century. Several Persian and Arabic inscriptions which throw light on various aspects of historical interests are found here.
During 1977 a big curfew took place in Adoni town due to clashes between Hindus and Muslims for nearly 13 days, from then Adoni lost its status as Second Mumbai.
The day was 6 of September 2011 when Curfew imposed in Adoni town that had witnessed a communal clash which began over a petty dispute between two groups early this week. It was continued for nearly 10 days, because of clashes between Hindus and Muslims (communal riots) during Ganesh immersion, in nearly 20 shops were looted and set afire yesterday, three trucks were also torched, nearly 20 shops were looted and set afire, three trucks were also torched and SP M. Sivaprasad was also hurted on the right foot in the stone-pelting,[9][10][11][12] many minorities got suffered.[13]
But the violence forced administration to impose curfew. After reports of fresh clashes, senior officials have decided to continue the prohibitory orders until the situation returns to normalcy. During the procession to take out idols and tableaux of Lord Ganesha for immersion, two groups had an argument. The music played in front of a religious place angered the other group. The incident had occurred on Monday. The situation took a serious turn as both sides engaged in stone pelting and clashed openly. The police fired in the air and used force to bring the situation under control. Nearly a dozen persons were injured, two of them critically, in the violence. It's the second time clash in Adoni after 1970's.[14]
Trouble broke out on the Victoriapet near Madina Masjid which led to a chain reaction in other places. Over 40 people were reported to have sustained injuries in stone-pelting and other incidents of violence. The officials could not immediately give the number as several injured persons got themselves treated at private clinics. The then Superintendent of Police M. Sivaprasad was hurt on the right foot in the stone-pelting. An inspector of police and two gunmen were also injured. The then DIG of Police Anil Kumar, Collector Ramsankar Naik, Joint Collector Jyothi Buddha Prakash, and other senior officers from the district headquarters rushed to the place and monitored the situation. Additional SP of Adoni Shimoshi Bajpayee lead the team of policemen.[15] A large posse of armed men, numbering nearly 1,500, has been deployed.
MIM M.L.A's Ahmed Pasha Quadri (Charminar), Ahmed Balala (Malakpet), MIM floor leader Akbaruddin Owaisi and Hyderabad M.P Asaduddin Owaisi visited Adoni in these curfew days to tackle the situation. MIM legislator and floor leader Akbaruddin Owaisi gave a representation to the chief minister N. Kiran Kumar Reddy on this issue.[16]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (May 2011) |
Replete with ancient tradition, Adoni is home to a number of Ganesha temples. Local legends suggest that if water levels reached the belly of the idol that guards the temple, then the flood would vanquish the entire city. With a history of flooding, at an elevation of just 430 meters, the city has undergone a number of cultural and physical changes in recent centuries.
The most well known site in the city includes the Ranmandala Hill, which houses the Lord Hanuman Temple. Nearby, the Ramjala Lake plays a crucial role in Hindu mythology, and it is claimed that the lake was formed by an arrow shot by Rama into the ground in order to provide water for the goddess Sita during Aranya Vassa. The lake’s direct tributary is the Tungabhadra River, which provides drinking water for the town, and also serves as a tourist attraction with its munificent water birds. With a rich cultural history, the city’s physical geography reflects unique elements of Hindu influence over the span of generations.
One of the most famous and historical well, which is popularly known as Venkanna Bavi, a biggest well located in the heart of the town. It is commonly popularized story in respect of the said Venkanna Bavi is that around 400 years ago, there was a Minister in the kingdom, Shri Venkanna, who wanted to provide permanent drinking water facility to the town people, planned for a right sight of water by engineers, and constructed this huge well, but even after digging such a huge well, the water point was not found. While the things stood thus, while he was in deep sleep, he dreamt and god advised him to give 'Bali' (sacrifice) of a pregnant woman, then the water will come up. Then he thought that instead of giving some third person's Bali, "let me give 'Bali' of my own daughter-in-law", and made it so, and immediately there was severe pressure of water found. It is believed that since he gave the 'Bali' of a pregnant woman, the abandon water in the well is of no use because it is too saltish, and cannot be used, so till now the well is no use to the public. But the structure, construction of well using only stones and not by using any cement anywhere in the entire structure, is worth seeing. Of late, the Venkanna Bavi became death spot for suiciders. The local authorities now restricted the easy access of the public to the well, to avoid the suicides.
Adoni is a Legeslative Constituency and it comes under Kurnool parliamentary constituency. It is the headquarters of the mandal, the revenue division.
Name | Party | Term |
---|---|---|
K.Meenakshi Naidu | Telugu Desam Party | 2009-Current |
Y. Sai Prasad Reddy | Indian National Congress | 2004–2009 |
K.Meenakshi Naidu | Telugu Desam Party | 1999–2004 |
K.Meenakshi Naidu | Telugu Desam Party | 1994–1999 |
Rayachoti Ramaiah | Indian National Congress | 1989–1994 |
Rayachoti Ramaiah | Indian National Congress | 1985–1989 |
N.Prakash Jain | Independent | 1983–1985 |
Halvi.Satyanarayana | Indian National Congress | 1978–1983 |
Halvi. Satyanarayana | Indian National Congress | 1972–1978 |
T.J.L. Timmaiah | Indian National Congress | 1967–1972 |
H. Seetaramireddy | Independent | 1962–1967 |
G. Busanna | Praja Socialist Party | 1955–1962 |
H.R. Reddy | Independent | 1952–1955 |
T. Mallaiah | Indian National Congress | 1952 |
Adoni is located at 15°38′N 77°17′E / 15.63°N 77.28°E.[18] It has an average elevation of 435 metres (1427 feet). Adoni is the highest cotton cultivating and producing city in Andhra Pradesh,got fame for multi-cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious town in Andhra Pradesh.
Adoni
Period - 1951-2000 |
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The Climate: is mainly tropical; with temperature Range between 31 °C - 45 °C in summer and 21 °C - 29 °C in winter.[19]
The Railway station of Adoni was built during British rule, it exists till now, Indian Government haven't made any modification to this railway station. So it looks very aged.
Adoni comes under South Central Railway.
Adoni is on the Chennai-Mumbai Railway Line and several trains run daily to these cities and New Delhi.
Adoni is on the Guntakal - Wadi Line and has daily trains to Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai, Kanyakumari, Gulbarga, Ahmedabad, Tirupathi etc.
Trains to Mantralayam, where the Brindavan of Swami Raghavendra is situated, passes through Adoni. New Train has been introduced between Chennai and Shirdi Sai via Adoni.
It enjoys good communication facilities, as it is a famous commercial center of Kurnool district. It is connected to major cities of the state by road.[20]
Two APSRTC bus stations are present in Adoni, one is in Anantapur road which is a major one, while the other is near after bridge.
Adoni is well connected by the cities like Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kurnool, Anantapur, Vijayawada, Bellary, Tirupathi, Mysore etc. by Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and some private travel agencies.
Within the town, auto rickshaws and rented cars are a common means of commutation.
Nearby Adoni the International Airport is Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, Shamshabad, Hyderabad (255 KM) roughly five and half hour drive from Adoni Town.
The other International Airports nearby the town are Bengaluru (339 KM), Chennai (494 KM), Mumbai (600 KM), Delhi (1860 KM).
The Domestic airports are Bellary(68 KM), Puttaparthi (170KM), Tirupathi (420 KM), Vijayawada (429 KM).[21]
Soon there will be a Domestic airport in Kadapa (250 KM). New Train has been introduced b/w chennai and Shirdi Sai via Adoni
The following villages comes under Adoni mandal[22]
ADONI-RURAL
ADONI-URBAN
1. HANAVALU 2. SANTHEKUDLUR 3. PEDDA HARIVANAM 4. YADAVALLE 5. BALADUR 6. CHINNA GONEHAL 7. CHINNA HARIVANAM 8. MADIRE 9. KADITHOTA 10. G.HOSALLI 11. GANEKAL 12. PANDAVAGALLU 13. KUPPAGAL 14. PEDDA THUMBALAM 15. BALLEKALLU 16. JALIBENCHI 17. DODDANAKERI 18. MANTRIKI 19. DAYYALAGUDDAM 20. SULTHANAPURAM 21. PESALABANDA |
22. KAPATI 23. AREKAL 24. CHINNAPENDEKAL 25. SAMBAGALLU 26. BYCHIGERI 27. S.KONDAPURAM 28. ISVI 29. V.KONDAPURAM 30. BASAPURAM 31. NAGANATHANA HALLI 32. NARANAPURAM 33. CHAGI 34. DHANAPURAM 35. MANDAGIRI (RURAL) 36. DIBBANAKAL 37. NETTEKAL 38. SALAKALAKONDA 39. BASARAKODU 40. HUVVANUR 41. GONABAVI 42. VIRUPAPURAM |
The area of Adoni town is 32.12 sq.m[23]
The total area of Adoni Revenue Division is 5506.10 km2
Adoni is a famous trading centre in Rayalaseema.
There is a big JLB market which is named after Jhansi Lakshmi Bai and which is situated in the heart of the town near Shahi Jamia Masjid and Sri Mahayogi Lakshmamma Avva Temple.
It is famous for gold, Textile and cotton trade.
Cotton Dhurries locally known as 'shatranjis', rich in quality and design, are produced on horizontal looms with heavy cotton threads. Their skillful weaving with beautiful color contrasts has created a sensation in the export market. Certain low cost are manufactured at Adoni in Kurnool district. They are also showcased during various events at Shilparamam, the arts and crafts village at Hyderabad.[19]
As stated earlier Adoni is called as Town of Cotton as it produces large amount of cotton.
A big Shroff Bazar iss located in the heart of the town.
During British period Adoni is called as Second Mumbai as it's having every type of business.
The main exports from here are oil, cotton, rice, vegetables etc. Paddy Fields are most common here; rice being the primary cash crop.
Adoni is known as the grain market of the south. It is famous for its cloth and gold market as well as for cotton, ground nut and sunflower trading. It has more than 100 cotton mills and oil mills as such it's affectionally called the "Second Mumbai"[24]
The following banking facilities[25] and ATM's[26] are available in the town.
Mangala Cloth Stores, M.M. Road, Adoni.
M.S.Textile (B.N.Talkies Road ADONI)
There are many educational institutions in Adoni.
The popular intermediate colleges in Adoni are
The sweat of their brow underwent a glorious transformation into academic ambrosia. A Service Organization like the Rotary Club has joined hands with them and sponsored the college. All the more remarkable is the fact that all this happened forty five years ago. It has no parallel anywhere else.
The glorious tradition of this college has been, scaling new heights, accepting new challenges and successfully overcoming them.[27]
The popular degree colleges in Adoni are
The engineering colleges present in around Adoni are
As of 2011[update] India census,[29] Adoni had a population of 1,62,458[30] a class-I town. Males constitute 50.41% of the population and females 49.59%. Adoni has an average literacy rate of 61.13%, with 71.36% of the males and 50.81% of females literate. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Urdu, English, Telugu and Kannada are widely spoken by the people here.
The present minister of Minor Irrigation Projects, Andhra Pradesh, Mr T G Venkatesh was born in Adoni, He is the founder of the Rayalaseema Hakkula Ikya Vedika.[31]
The auditorium of AAS College was named after TG Venkatesh.
Many hospitals[32] are present in and around Adoni, some of them are
In Adoni many entertainmernt places are present, movie theateres[33] in Adoni are
Apart from these parks are also present in the town. Some of them are Children's park, New park, Gandhi Park etc.
Few restaurants are present in the town which provide nice food, some of them are
Hyderabadi Irani Chai is available in the some of the hotels of Adoni.
As everyone knows that Uggani is famous tiffin in Rayalaseema, it is cooked in almost every house and hotel of the town.
Located in close proximity of the railway station, Rajshri Hotel is the first choice among the tourists. This is a 2-star Government approved budget hotel of Adoni. The hotel accommodated 38 rooms, each of them decorated to satisfy the variety of guests. Moreover, the hotel comes with state-of-the-art technology to provide utmost comfort to its guests. Some of the important amenities provided in the rooms are phone service, coffee maker, safe deposit, 24 hours room service and more. There are two banquet halls in this hotel, while the bigger one can accommodate 450 people; the smaller one has the capacity of accommodating 75. Guests get the chance to enjoy delightful dishes of Indian cuisine in the hotel’s restaurants. The hotel also houses one garden restaurant. Rajshri Hotel also provides concierge services for its guests.
Dwarka Lodge is an important budget hotel of Adoni. One of the prime advantages of this hotel is its ideal location; it is located near the railway station. This hotel is frequented both the foreign and local tourists. The hotel ensures the guests a comfortable stay. Some of the important facilities include television, air condition and phone, the hotel is known for serving delicious food in its restaurant.
Established in 1942, Srinivasa Bhavan is a hotel ideal for both business and leisure travelers. Located near the bus stand and the railway station, this hotel is on PN Road. There are 45 rooms and nine suites, each decorated in harmonious colors and fine furnishings. The centrally air-conditioned restaurant (Soumya Deluxe) pampers you with south Indian, Chinese and north Indian delicacies. Other facilities include open restaurant with traditional south Indian dishes, snookers, cyber cafe, business center and a travel agency named Srinivasa Tours and Travels.[34]
Dargah's in Adoni include:[37]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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